Organic Field Effect Transistor
1. Dielectric surface Control
Physical or chemical properties characterizing a surface of gate dielectric have a huge impact on the electrical properties of organic field-effect transistors. Here, we applied various organic interlayers between an organic semiconductor and a gate dielectric to describe field-effect mobilities being a function of a certain macroscopic parameter associated with the surface energy of gate dielectric.
The organic interlayers with various chemical moieties, that is, hydroxyl, methyl, octadecyl, polystyrene, and polymethylmetacrylate, are obtained using diverse organosilane compounds and hydroxyl-end-terminated polymer brushes. Two prototypical vapor-deposited p-type organic small molecules, dinaphtho[2,3-b:2โฒ,3โฒ-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and pentacene, are used as semiconducting layers.
We separate the surface energy of the organic interlayers into two terms, that is polar and dispersive terms, and define three parameters consisting of these two terms, so-called surface energy ratio, polar ratio, and polarity. The three parameters are plotted with the field-effect mobilities and it becomes apparent that the field-effect mobility is a function of polar ratio and polarity regardless of the semiconducting material as well as its morphology and crystallinity. In particular, the polarity that is the polar energy term divided by the total surface energy showed a clear exponential relationship, allowing a reliable prediction of field-effect mobilities.
OFET์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ํฅ์์ํค๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ฃผ์ ์ ๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์ ์ค ํ๋๋ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์ฑ ์์์ ๊ณ๋ฉด, ํนํ ๊ฒ์ดํธ ์ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋์ฒด ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ณ๋ฉด์ ํน์ฑ์ ์กฐ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ ์ ์ฒด ํ๋ฉด์ด ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋์ฒด ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๋์ ๋ถ์ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ ๋ด๋นํ ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ๊ณ๋ฉด์์์ ํจ์จ์ ์ธ ์ ํ ์์ก์ ๋ด๋นํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ด ๊ณ๋ฉด์ OFET์ ์ ํ ์์ก ๋ฐ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋๋ฐ ์ค์ํ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ค. ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋์ฒด์ ๊ฒ์ดํธ ์ ์ ์ฒด ์ฌ์ด์ ํ๋ฉด ์๋์ง๋ ๋ถ์ผ์นํ๋ฏ๋ก ์ ์ ์ฒด ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ๋๋ ํํ์ ํน์ฑ์ ์กฐ์ ํ์ฌ ์ด๋ฌํ ํ๋ฉด ์๋์ง์ ๋ถ์ผ์น๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ ํด์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ๊ฒ์ดํธ ์ ์ ์ฒด์ ํ๋ฉด ์๋์ง์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ํน์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์์ ํจ์์ธ ์ ๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ ์ด๋๋๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช
ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋์ฒด์ ๊ฒ์ดํธ ์ ์ ์ฒด ์ฌ์ด์ ๋ค์ํ ์ ๊ธฐ ์ค๊ฐ์ธต์ ์ ์ฉํ์๋ค. ํ๋๋ก์ค, ๋ฉํธ, ์ฅํ๋ฐ์ค, ํด๋ฆฌ์คํฐ๋ ๋ฐ ํด๋ฆฌ๋ฉํธ๋ฉํํฌ๋ฆด๋ ์ดํธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ค์ํ ์ ๊ธฐ์ค๋ ํํฉ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ํ๋๋ก์ค ๋ง๋จ ์คํฉ์ฒด ๋ธ๋ฌ์๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ ๊ธฐ ์ค๊ฐ์ธต์ ๋์
ํ์ฌ ๋ค์ํ ํํ์ ํน์ฑ์ ์ ๊ณตํ์๋ค. ๋๊ฐ์ ํ๋กํ ํ์
์ฆ์ฐฉ pํ ์ ๊ธฐ ์๋ถ์์ธ DNTT์ Pentacene์ด ๋ฐ๋์ฒด ์ธต์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ๊ธฐ ์ค๊ฐ์ธต์ SE๋ฅผ ๊ทน์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ฐ term์ด๋ผ๋ ๋๊ฐ์ง term์ผ๋ก ๋ถ๋ฆฌํ๊ณ OFET ์ฅ์น์์ ์ ํ ์ด๋์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐํ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ SE ๊ด๋ จ ์ํ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์์ธ ํ๋ฉด์๋์ง ๋น์จ, ๊ทน์ฑ ๋น์จ ๋ฐ ๊ทน์ฑ์ ์ ์ํ์๋ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋์ฒด ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ด ๊ทน์ฑ๋น์ ๊ทน์ฑ์ ํจ์์ธ ์ ๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ ์ด๋๋๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒ์ดํธ ์ ์ ์ฒด์ ํ๋ฉด ํน์ฑ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก OFET ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ์์ธกํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ฐ๋จํ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ์ ๊ณตํ ์ ์์๋ค.
2. Organic Semiconductor Structural Control
A thermal gradient distribution was applied to a substrate during the growth of a vacuum-deposited n-type organic semiconductor (OSC) film prepared fromย N,Nโฒ-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,7-dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboxyimide) (PDI-CN2), and the electrical performances of the films deployed in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were characterized. The temperature gradient at the surface was controlled by tilting the substrate, which varied the temperature one-dimensionally between the heated bottom substrate and the cooled upper substrate.
The vacuum-deposited OSC molecules diffused and rearranged on the surface according to the substrate temperature gradient, producing directional crystalline and grain structures in the PDI-CN2 film. The morphological and crystalline structures of the PDI-CN2 thin films grown under a vertical temperature gradient were dramatically enhanced, comparing with the structures obtained from either uniformly heated films or films prepared under a horizontally applied temperature gradient.
The field effect mobilities of the PDI-CN2-FETs prepared using the vertically applied temperature gradient were as high as 0.59 cm2ย Vโ1ย sโ1, more than a factor of 2 higher than the mobility of 0.25 cm2ย Vโ1ย sโ1ย submitted to conventional thermal annealing and the mobility of 0.29 cm2ย Vโ1ย sโ1from the horizontally applied temperature gradient.
OSC ๋ฐ๋ง์ ํํ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ์ด ๋๋ ์ฉ๋งค ์ด๋๋ง ๋ฐ ์ฉ๋งค soaking์ ํฌํจํ ๋ค์ํ ๊ณต์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ OSC ๋ถ์์ ์๊ธฐ ์กฐ์งํ ํน์ฑ์ ์กฐ์ ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ฐ์ ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ์ด์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ณต์ ์จ๋์ ์๊ฐ์ ์กฐ์ ํ์ฌ OSC ํ๋ฆ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ํน์ฑ์ ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ํฅ์์ํค๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ง๊ณต์ฆ์ฐฉ์ด๋ ์ฉ์ก ๊ณต์ ์ ์ํด OSC ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋ฐฐ์ด ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ฅผ ์ ์ดํ๋๋ฐ ๋๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ OFET์ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ์ด ์๋์ง๊ฐ ๊ธฐํ ์ ์ฒด์ ๋ฌด์์๋ก ์ ์ฉ๋๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋จ์ํ ์ด ์ด๋๋ง ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ต๋ค. ๊ณ ์ฑ๋ฅ OFET ์ฅ์น๋ OSC ํ๋ฆ์ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ฑ ์ ํ ์ฑ์ฅ์ ํตํด ์ ์ ์ด๋ ํ๋ฆ ํํ์ ์กฐ์งํ๋ ๊ฒฐ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํฉํ์ฌ ์ป์ ์ ์๋ค. ํน์ ๊ตฌ์ญ์ ์ด๋๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๊ตญ๋ถ์ ์ธ ์ฉ์ต ๋ฐ ๋๊ฐ์ ํตํด ๋ฐฉํฅ์ฑ ์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ์ฑํ๋ ๋ํ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก, ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ OFET์ ๊ตฌ์ญ ์ด๋๋ง ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ ์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ณ ์ฑ๋ฅ OFET ์ฅ์น๋ฅผ ๋ฌ์ฑํ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ตฌ์ญ ์ด๋๋ง ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ต์ ์ ๋ฐฉํฅ, ์๋ ๋ฐ ์ง์ฐ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ณด์ฅํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ธ์ฌํ๊ฒ ์ ์ดํด์ผํ๋ฏ๋ก ๋นํจ์จ์ ์ด๋ค. ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ํํ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ง๊ณต ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ ์๋ถ์ OSC์ ๋ํ ๊ตฌ์ญ ์ด๋๋ง์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ ํ์ํ์ง ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์ญ ์ด๋๋ง์ ์ฉ์ต ์จ๋์ ๊ทผ์ ํ๋ ๋งค์ฐ ๋์ ์จ๋๋ฅผ ์๊ตฌํ๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ๊ธฐํ์ ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ด์ฆ์ฐฉ OSC์ ๋ฐ๋ง ์ฑ์ฅ์ ์กฐ์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ํจ์จ์ ์ธ ์ ๋ต์ ์์ฐํ์๋ค. ์จ๋ ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ดํ์์ ๊ธฐํ์ ์์ง์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ์ธ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅ๊ณผ ์์ชฝ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋์ ๊ธฐํ ์จ๋์ ๋ฎ์ ๊ธฐํ ์จ๋๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํ์ฌ ํ์ฑ์์ผฐ๋ค. ๊ธฐ์ธ์ด์ง ๊ธฐํ์ OSC ๋ถ์์ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๋์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด ์์ง ๋ฐฉํฅ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ ๋์ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋์ ์ฐ์ํ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง ํ๋ฆ์ ์์ฑํ์๋ค. nํ OSC ๋ฌผ์ง์ธ PDI-CN2๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ด ์จ๋ ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ ์ฉํ์ฌ FET์ ์ ๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ ์ด๋๋๋ 0.59cm2 V-1 s-1๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ 0.25cm2 V-1 s-1์ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด ์ด๋๋ง์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ ์๋ OFET ์ฅ์น์์ ์ป์ ๊ฐ์ ํจ์ฌ ์ด๊ณผํ๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌ์ฑํ์๋ค(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3c).
Printed Electronics
1. Spray Coating
The ultrasonic nozzle (US) spray method was investigated for its utility in fabricating organic electrodes composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), a standard conductiveย polymerย material used to produce large-area low-cost OFETs. The US spray technique involves generating a solution spray by first passing the solution through a head and nozzle subjected to ultrasonic vibrations that induce atomization. This method is advantageous in that the resulting spray comprises extremely small solution droplets a few micrometers in diameter, unlike the spray produced using conventional air spray methods. The PEDOT:PSS US solution spraying process was optimized by controlling the flow rate of the N2ย carrier gas and the substrate temperature while monitoring the quality of the resulting PEDOT:PSS electrode films. Theย pentacenefield-effectย transistors prepared using the US spray method displayed a maximum field-effect mobility of 0.47ย cm2Vโ1sโ1ย (with an average value of 0.31ย cm2Vโ1sโ1), 35% better than the mobilities achieved using the conventional air spray method. In addition, the device-to-device reproducibility was improved, as indicated by a decrease in the standard deviation of the mobility values from 30% for the air spray devices to 24% for the US spray devices. These results indicated that the US spray technique is efficient and superior to the conventional air spray method for the development of low-cost large-areaย organic electronics.
์์ด ์คํ๋ ์ด ํ๋ฆฐํ
๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋์ ๋ฉด์ ์์ ๊ท ์ผํ ์ฝํ
ํ์ง์ ์ ๊ณตํ ์ ์์ด ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋ง์ ์ ์กฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ์ฉ์ก ๊ณต์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์์ด ์คํ๋ ์ด ํ๋ฆฐํ
๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋
ธ์ฆ์์ ํ ์ถ๋๋ ์ฉ์ก ๋ฐฉ์ธ์ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด 50~1000um ๋ฒ์์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ณ ์ ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ท ์ผํ ํ๋ฉด ์ฝํ
์ ๋ฌ์ฑํ๋๋ฐ ์ด๋ ค์์ด ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์ต๊ทผ์๋ ์ด๋ฌํ ์์ด ์คํ๋ ์ด ํ๋ฆฐํ
๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ณด์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ด์ํ ๋
ธ์ฆ ์คํ๋ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์์ด ๋์
๋์๋ค. ์ด์ํ ๋
ธ์ฆ ์คํ๋ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ฉ์ก์ด ๋ถ์ฌ๋๋ ๋
ธ์ฆ์ ์ด์ํ ์ง๋์ ๊ฐํ๋๋ก ์ค๊ณ๋ ์ฝํ
์ฅ๋น์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฉ์ก์ 2~5um์ ๋งค์ฐ ์์ ์ก์ ์ผ๋ก ํ ์ถ๋๋ฏ๋ก ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์คํ๋ ์ด ์ฝํ
๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋นํด ๋ฏธ์ธํ๊ณ ๊ท ์ผํ ์ ๊ธฐ ํ๋ฆ์ ์ ์ํ ์ ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ์ ๋น์ฉ ๋๋ฉด์ OFET ์ ์์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ์ ๋์ฑ ๊ณ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋ฃ์ธ PEDOT:PSS๋ก ์ด์ํ ๋
ธ์ฆ ์คํ๋ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ด์ฉํ ์ ๊ธฐ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ ์ํ์๋ค. ์ต์ ์ ์ด์ํ ๋
ธ์ฆ ์คํ๋ ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ธฐ ์ํด N2 ๊ฐ์ค์ ์ ๋๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ ์จ๋๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, OFET ์์์ ํ์ฑ์ธต์ ํ์ค ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋์ฒด ์ฌ๋ฃ์ธ ํํ์ผ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์๋ค. PEDOT:PSS ์ ๊ทน์ ๋ฌผ์ฑ์ ๊ธฐ์กด ์์ด ์คํ๋ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์์ ๋ ์ด์ํ ๋
ธ์ฆ ์คํ๋ ์ด ๊ณต์ ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ ์กฐ๋ ํํ์ผ-FET๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.47 ๋ฐ 0.31์ ์ต๋ ๋ฐ ํ๊ท ์ ๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ ์ด๋๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๊ณ , ํ๊ท Vth๋ 3.7V๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด์๋ค. ์ด๋ ์์ด ์คํ๋ ์ด ๊ณต์ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ป์ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๋นํด ์ฝ 35%๊ฐ ํฅ์๋์๋ค. ๋ํ, ์ด๋๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ์คํธ์ฐจ ๋ํ 30%์์ ์ด์ํ ๋
ธ์ฆ ์คํ๋ ์ด ๊ณต์ ์ ์ ์ฉ ํ 24%๋ก ๊ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ฅ์น๊ฐ ์ฌํ์ฑ์ด ํฅ์๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํ์ฌ ์ด์ํ ๋
ธ์ฆ ์คํ๋ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ํ๋ฆ์ ํ์ง์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ํฌ๊ฒ ์ํฅ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ท ์ผํ ์ ๊ธฐ ํ์ฑ์ธต, ์ ๊ทน ๋๋ ์ ์ ์ธต์ ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ ์ ์์์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
2. Pen Printing
The molecular orientation and crystallinity of polymers are one of the most important factors in the performance of organic electronic devices. Depending on the crystallinity, the mobility of the OTFT may vary several orders of magnitude.
Polymer arrangements that are advantageous for performance enhancement include edge on structure, large grain size, and spherulite formation in low molecular weight materials.
We are studying to produce high performance electronic devices through favorable molecular alignment and high crystalline arrangement of polymers.
Sensors
1. Strain Sensors
Flexible strain sensors are a key component of electronic skin (e-skin), a technology that is currently receiving considerable research attention with a view to future applications ranging from human healthcare monitoring to robotic skins and environmental risk detection. Here, we developed a highly sensitive, simple, and low-cost piezoresistive strain sensor, which acted as a flexible reactive resistor with a cracked microtectonic architecture that could be fabricated over a large area. In particular, our strain sensor recognizes the direction of tensile stimulation through its rational crisscross electrode design, allowing it to overcome some of the shortcomings of traditional flexible strain sensors. Under a given stress, the strain sensor developed here showed a variation in the relative resistance (ฮR/R0) of up to 24-fold depending on the direction of the applied stress. For example, application of a 1% strain changed ฮR/R0ย by 0.11 when the strain was applied parallel to the direction of current flow, but by only 0.012 when the strain was applied perpendicular to that direction. Similarly, a 5% strain changed ฮR/R0ย by 0.85 and 0.062, and a 20% strain changed ฮR/R0ย by 2.37 and 0.098, depending on whether the strain was applied parallel or perpendicular to the current flow, respectively. In addition, ฮR/R0ย varied approximately linearly as a function of the strain over the operational range. The results thus show that the proposed sensor is sensitive to the direction in which an external stress is applied. Finally, we demonstrated that our sensor could be used to detect the bending of a human finger.
2. Pressure Sensors
Flexible pressure sensors are a key component of electronic skin (e-skin) for use in future applications ranging from human healthcare monitoring to robotic skins and environmental risk detection. Here, we demonstrated the development of a highly sensitive, simple, and low-cost capacitive pressure sensor, which acted as a flexible capacitive dielectric, based on a microstructured elastomeric template that could be fabricated over a large area. To achieve this goal, the dielectric template was prepared simply by stretching and releasing a flexible Ecoflex film to produce wrinkled surface microstructures with a feature size on the order of tens of micrometers. The effects of the wrinkled surface microstructure on the sensing performance were systematically investigated by comparing the nonwrinkled film, one-side wrinkled film, and double-side wrinkled film. The response and release times of the double-side wrinkled pressure sensor were improved by 42% and 25% in comparison with the values obtained from the unwrinkled case, respectively. These results showed that the introduction of wrinkled surface microstructures to the elastomeric template efficiently enhanced the pressure sensor performance. We also demonstrated that our sensor could be used to detect a variety of changes in the surroundings, such as variations in the angle of a stimulus, object loading/unloading, or an exhaled breath.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ์ ์ฐํ ์ ์ ์ฉ๋์ ์๋ ฅ ์ผ์ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ ๋๋ฉด์ ๋ฏธ์ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์๋ผ์คํ ๋จธ ํ
ํ๋ฆฟ์ ์ ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ฐ๋จํ๊ณ ์ ๋ ดํ ๊ณต์ ์ ์ค๊ณํ์๋ค. Ecoflex ์ ์ ์ฒด ๋ฐ๋ง์ ์์ชฝ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฆฐ ํ UVO ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๊ท์ฐ์ผ ์ธต์ ํ์ฑ์์ผฐ๊ณ , Ecoflex ํ๋ฆ์ ๋ณํ์ด ์ํ๋๋ฉด์ ์์ญ ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก๋ฏธํฐ ์ ๋์ ์ฃผ๋ฆ์ง ๋ฏธ์ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ ํ์ฑ๋์๋ค(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7a). ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ Au๊ฐ ์ฝํ
๋ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ ์จ์ดํผ์ PDMS๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ Ecoflex template ์๋จ๊ณผ ํ๋จ์ ๋ฐฐ์นํ์ฌ ์ ๊ทน์ ํ์ฑ์์ผ ์ฃผ๋ฆ์ง ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ ์ ์ฐ ์๋ ฅ์ผ์๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ์๋ค. ์ฃผ๋ฆ์ด ์๋ ํ๋ฆ, ๋จ๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋ฆ ํ๋ฆ, ์๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋ฆ ํ๋ฆ์ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ์ฃผ๋ฆ์ง ํ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ฌํ์๋ค. ์๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋ฆํ ์๋ ฅ์ผ์์ ์๋ต์๋์ ํด์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ฃผ๋ฆ์ด ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ ๋นํด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 42%, 25% ๊ฐ์ ๋์๋ค(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7b). ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ์๋ผ์คํ ๋จธ ํ
ํ๋ฆฟ์ ์ฃผ๋ฆ์ง ํ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋์
์ด ์๋ ฅ ์ผ์ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ํฅ์์ํด์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ์๋ค. ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ ์๋ ฅ์ผ์๋ ๋์ ๊ฐ๋, ๋น ๋ฅธ ์๋ต์ฑ, ์ฐ์ํ ๋ด๊ตฌ์ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฑ๋ฅ ๋ฐ๋ณต์ฑ์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ์ฑ
์ ํผ์น๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ ์ ๋ฌด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ด์ฌ๋ ํธํก๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ฃผ๋ณ์ ๋ค์ํ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์งํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์์์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7c-e).
3. Chemical Sensors
A person's sweat contains various ingredients, and the composition of sweat changes according to a person's health condition. Lactic acid, one of the components of sweat, is a chemical component that is an indicator of fatigue. Lactic acid is produced in cells during anaerobic exercise, which is accumulated in the muscles when fatigued, and causes fatigue in the body. In addition, lactic acid can be a good indicator of pathological disorders. Lack of oxygen in the blood, especially when the sweat gland cells produce lactic acid, the concentration of lactic acid in the sweat increases. This means that a disease that causes hypoxia can be diagnosed by detecting the concentration of lactic acid. Other studies have shown that lactic acid is a good indicator of reduced oxygen delivery in tissues from patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Therefore, sensors that detect lactic acid may be required not only for personal health care, but also for specialized medical applications.
In the present study, we use transistors with a special structure called an interference gate. The interference gate is an electrode located on the dielectric. The sensing principle of this particular device acts as the sensing area of transistor-based sensors and is related to the threshold voltage shift by affecting the transfer characteristics of the transistor depending on the charge applied to the surface. This structure has the advantage of requiring a small amount of sample for detection without requiring a separate reference electrode. Carbon nanotube (CNT) was used as a sensing material in the interference gate sensing area. CNTs have functional groups that can chemically react with other materials such as carboxyl groups. Lactate oxidase (LOD) and peroxidase from horseradish were chemically combined with CNT-COOH to detect lactic acid. LOD oxidizes lactic acid to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and Peroxidase from horseradish (HRP) causes oxidation-reduction reaction while decomposing H2O2 to enable sensor detection.
Polymer Composites
1. Polymer-based heat dissipation technology
#Thermal-conductive Paste
This refers to enhancing a heat-dissipation capability for securing surface treatment technology to optimize mixing and dispersion between heat dissipation filler and organic binder. It is about finding the best method to combine a material that helps in spreading out heat (heat dissipation filler) evenly with an organic substance that binds or holds everything together (organic binder), ensuring they mix well for effective heat management.
2. Polymer-based EMI technology
# Urethane-Acryl #Electromagnetic Waves #Shielding #Conduction #Adhesive
As the trend of slimming, miniaturizing, and lightening display devices such as smartphones continues, efforts are being made to reduce the thickness, weight, and cost by decreasing the number of films in display panels. However, slimming has led to the high integration of Flexible Printed Circuits (FPC) laminated within the Flexible Copper Clad Laminates (FCCL) in the devices. Additionally, with the transition to higher generations of mobile communication, the increase in communication frequencies has resulted in Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) issues, posing challenges to device improvement. The electromagnetic waves emitted or conducted from the front of the device's display have caused malfunctions in other devices and degradation of signal quality. As regulations on EMI become stricter, the demand for electromagnetic shielding materials is increasing. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified cell phone electromagnetic waves as 'Group 2B,' which is possibly carcinogenic to humans, raising awareness of electromagnetic radiation. The high-conductivity adhesive for electromagnetic shielding developed by our research team will be crucial in addressing EMI and achieving Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) by reducing electromagnetic radiation emissions to a certain level without the need for a separate electromagnetic shielding film when applied within the display.